Two experiments on salt analysis of acidic and basic radicals are given here. In this way it is written in practical copy.
Experiment No. – 03
Objective :- Identify an acidic radical and a basic radical in the given salt.
Materials required: Test tube, filter paper, burner, spirit lamp, test tube holder, reagent etc.
Observation Table:- Identifying acidic radical –
S.No | Experiment | Observation | Conclusion |
---|---|---|---|
1 | mixture + dilute H2SO4 (in cold | No action on a little heating | Ist group Absent |
2 | (i) mixture + concentrated H2SO4 On slightly heating | a pungent odorous gas | IInd group possible |
(ii) when a glass rod dipped in NH4OH is brought to the mouth of the test tube | White fumes are released | Presence of Cl– Confirmed | |
(iii) Mixture + dilute HNO3 + AgNO3 | white precipitate, soluble in NH4OH | Presence of Cl– Confirmed |
Chemical reactions involved-
2NaCl + H2SO4 ➞ Na2SO4 +2HCl
NH4OH + HCl ➞ NH4Cl + H2O
NaCl + AgNO3 ➞ AgCl + NaNO3
Observation Table:– Identification of Basic radical –
S.No. | Experiment | Observation | Conclusion |
---|---|---|---|
1 | mixture + NaOH + slight heat . | The smell of ammonia | NH4+ may be present |
2 | When a glass rods wet with NH4OH brought near mouth of test tube | White fumes produced | NH4+ Confirmed |
Chemical reactions involved-
NH4Cl + NaOH ➞ NaCl + H2O + NH3
NH3 + HCl ➞ NH4Cl
Result:- An acidic radical and a basic radical present in the given salt are as follows:
(i) Acidic radical Cl– (chloride ion)
(ii) Alkaline radical NH4+ (ammonium ion)
![testing radicals](https://abhikriya.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/test-214186_1920-1024x477.jpg)
Experiment No. 4
Objective :- Identify an acidic radical and a basic radical in the given salt.
Materials required: Test tube, filter paper, burner, spirit lamp, test tube holder, reagent etc.
Observation Table:- Identifying acidic radical –
S.No | Experiment | Observation | Conclusion |
---|---|---|---|
1 | mixture +dilute H2SO4 | Colorless, odorless gas is released with effervescence | CO3– – may be present |
2 | On passing above gas in lime water | Lime water turns to milky | CO3– – is present (confirmed) |
Chemical reactions involved-
ZnCO3 + H2SO4 ➞ ZnSO4 + H2O + CO2 ↑
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 ➞ CaCO3 + H2O
Observation Table:– Identification of Basic radical –
S.No. | Experiment | Observation | Conclusion |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Salt mixture + NaOH + heat . | No reaction | Zero group absent |
2 | Original solution + dil HCl in cold | white precipitate | Pb++ may be present |
3 | White ppt + KI solution | Yellow precipitate | Pb++ Confirmed |
Chemical reactions involved-
Pb(NO3)2 +2HCl ➞ PbCl2 + 2HNO3
white ppt
PbCl2 + 2KI ➞ PbI2 + 2KCl
(yellow ppt)
Result:- An acidic radical and a basic radical present in the given salt are as follows:
(i) Acidic radical CO3– –
(ii) Basic radical Pb++
Experiment No. 5
Objective :- Identify an acidic radical and a basic radical in the given salt.
Materials required: Test tube, filter paper, burner, spirit lamp, test tube holder, reagent etc.
Observation Table:- Identifying acidic radical –
S.No | Experiment | Observation | Conclusion |
---|---|---|---|
1 | mixture + dilute H2SO4 (in cold | Vinegar like smell | CH3COO– may be present |
2 | mixture + few drops of water + warm and filter, then add neutral FeCl3 | Solution turns green | CH3COO– is confirmed |
Chemical reactions involved-
2CH3COONa + H2SO4 ➞ Na2SO4 +2CH3COOH
3CH3COONa + FeCl3 ➞ (CH3COO)3Fe- + 3NaCl
Observation Table:– Identification of Basic radical –
S.No. | Experiment | Observation | Conclusion |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Salt mixture + NaOH + heat . | No reaction | Zero group absent |
2 | Original solution + dil HCl in cold | white precipitate | Pb++ may be present |
3 | White ppt + KI solution | Yellow precipitate | Pb++ Confirmed |
Chemical reactions involved-
Pb(NO3)2 + 2HCl ➞ PbCl2 + 2HNO3
white ppt of Lead Chloride
PbCl2 + 2KI ➞ PbI2 + 2KCl
yellow ppt of Lead Iodide
Chemical reactions involved-
Result:- An acidic radical and a basic radical present in the given salt are as follows:
(i) Acidic radical CH3COO– (Acetate ion)
(ii) Alkaline radical Pb++ (Lead ion)
![testing radicals](https://abhikriya.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/test-214186_1920-1024x477.jpg)