HOW TO WRITE SALT ANALYSIS EXPERIMENT

Anil Sharma

Two experiments on salt analysis of acidic and basic radicals are given here. In this way it is written in practical copy.

Experiment No. – 03

Objective :- Identify an acidic radical and a basic radical  in the given salt.

Materials required: Test tube, filter paper, burner, spirit lamp, test tube holder, reagent etc.

Observation Table:- Identifying acidic radical –

S.NoExperimentObservationConclusion
1 mixture + dilute H2SO4 (in coldNo action on a little heatingIst group Absent
2(i) mixture + concentrated H2SO4 On slightly heatinga pungent odorous gasIInd group possible
(ii) when a glass rod dipped in NH4OH is brought to the mouth of the test tubeWhite fumes are releasedPresence of
Cl– Confirmed
(iii) Mixture + dilute HNO3 + AgNO3white precipitate,
soluble in NH4OH		Presence of
Cl– Confirmed
Chemical reactions involved-

2NaCl + H2SO4 ➞ Na2SO4 +2HCl

NH4OH + HCl ➞ NH4Cl + H2O

NaCl + AgNO3 ➞ AgCl  + NaNO3

Observation Table:– Identification of Basic radical –

S.No.ExperimentObservationConclusion
1mixture + NaOH + slight heat

.		The smell of ammoniaNH4+
may be present
2 When a glass rods wet with NH4OH brought near mouth of test tube
White fumes producedNH4+
Confirmed
Chemical reactions involved-

NH4Cl + NaOH ➞ NaCl + H2O + NH3

NH3 + HCl ➞ NH4Cl

Result:- An acidic radical and a basic radical present in the given salt are as follows:

(i) Acidic radical  Cl– (chloride ion)

(ii) Alkaline radical   NH4+ (ammonium ion)

testing radicals

Experiment No. 4

Objective :- Identify an acidic radical and a basic radical  in the given salt.

Materials required: Test tube, filter paper, burner, spirit lamp, test tube holder, reagent etc.

Observation Table:- Identifying acidic radical –

S.NoExperimentObservationConclusion
1 mixture +dilute H2SO4
Colorless, odorless gas is released
with effervescence		CO3– –
may be present
2On passing above gas in lime waterLime water turns to milkyCO3– –
is present
(confirmed)
Chemical reactions involved-

ZnCO3 + H2SO4 ➞ ZnSO4 + H2O + CO2 ↑

Ca(OH)2 + CO2 ➞ CaCO3 + H2O

Observation Table:– Identification of Basic radical –

S.No.ExperimentObservationConclusion
1Salt mixture + NaOH + heat

.		No reactionZero group
absent
2Original solution + dil HCl in coldwhite precipitatePb++ may be
present
3White ppt + KI solutionYellow precipitatePb++
Confirmed
Chemical reactions involved-

Pb(NO3)2 +2HCl     ➞ PbCl2    +    2HNO3

                                white ppt

PbCl2 + 2KI ➞ PbI2  + 2KCl

                               (yellow ppt)

Result:- An acidic radical and a basic radical present in the given salt are as follows:

(i) Acidic radical   CO3– –

(ii) Basic radical Pb++

Experiment No. 5

Objective :- Identify an acidic radical and a basic radical  in the given salt.

Materials required: Test tube, filter paper, burner, spirit lamp, test tube holder, reagent etc.

Observation Table:- Identifying acidic radical –

S.NoExperimentObservationConclusion
1mixture + dilute H2SO4 (in coldVinegar like smellCH3COO– may be present
2mixture + few drops of water + warm and filter, then add neutral FeCl3Solution turns greenCH3COO– is confirmed
Chemical reactions involved-

2CH3COONa + H2SO4 ➞ Na2SO4 +2CH3COOH

3CH3COONa + FeCl3 ➞ (CH3COO)3Fe- + 3NaCl

Observation Table:– Identification of Basic radical –

S.No.ExperimentObservationConclusion
1Salt mixture + NaOH + heat

.		No reactionZero group
absent
2Original solution + dil HCl in coldwhite precipitatePb++ may be
present
3White ppt + KI solutionYellow precipitatePb++
Confirmed
Chemical reactions involved-

Pb(NO3)2 + 2HCl     ➞ PbCl2    +     2HNO3

                                white ppt of Lead Chloride

PbCl2  + 2KI ➞ PbI2    + 2KCl

                               yellow ppt of Lead Iodide

Chemical reactions involved-

Result:- An acidic radical and a basic radical present in the given salt are as follows:

(i) Acidic radical  CH3COO– (Acetate ion)

(ii) Alkaline radical   Pb++ (Lead ion)

testing radicals